Motor fuel



Patented Sept. 6, 1927.

OFFICE.

HARRY 1'. Exam, CYNTHIANA, KENTUCKY.

MOTOR FUEL.

In best grades of gasolene the distillation curve is a continuous curve with boiling point-s ranging from 6Q C. to225 C. A good fuel is continuous and well balanced in its constituent parts and the several explosions or detonations take place in a continuous action-and consequently'no decided knock is observed. If, however, a mixed fuel with one or more constituents is prepared, like benzol, gasolene and kerozene; alcohol, benzol and kerosene, or even naphtha and gasolene and the like, wehave a decided knock due to the explosions not being continuous but at decided periods causing a' jar oil the rate of the downward stroke of the piston. This is shown by test on the cylinder charts when made under-these conditions. Y

It has been proposed'to add aniline to va-' rious. fuels to eliminate the enginft knock caused by the above different stages of explosion. Aniline and other substances which-burn slowly cause these several explosions to take place at the same time by slowing up the more rapid and incretlsing the slower explosives, having a retarding effect on the explosion and thereby minimizing the knock but these agents, however,

on retarding the combined explosion effect, decrease the (efficiency of the fuel beyond the desired point.

I, have found that where a retarding agent is added to a motor fuel, a fuel mixture, or the like, while it contains power, the fuel lacks in snappiness and ability to pick up speed rapidly under a load, as for instance, in starting, when the spe of the vehicle is to be increased from a state of rest to the normal running speed. To overcome this objection I proposethe addition ofv a compound that will act as a sensitizer, activator or propagator of explosions to obtain a live, efficient fuel. The compounds used for this purpose are nitro compounds, such as nitro-benzol, nitro-toluene and the like. It has been found, however, that these nitro compounds are best used in conjunction with an amino compound like'aniline. If enough of the nitro compound is used to overcome the knock as described above, the rate of exous mixed fuels now in use.

1922. Serial No. 577,699.

plosions is'increased to an abnormal degree until it has a detrimental effect on the fuel as it gives the piston such a high speed that the reverse action is such as to require energyto overcome. Therefore, the fuel really loses power instead of gaining power. It is best to add an amino compound to overcome the knock and the nitro compound in well regulated proportions according to the'fuel used, for the best results.

In the broader aspect, the invention comprises the addition of an amino compound and a nitro compound or a compound which contains both amino and nitro groups to a fuel or mixture of fuels to eliminate the knock without decreasing the property of the burning or explosion and supply inan even manner the proper power to the engine. I have found that this combination can be added to any of "the known fuels such as gasolenoor the various mixed fuels now in use.

In tests made on cold days during the winter I foundthat it was not necessary to increase either the amino or nitro group but that it was necessar to increase the volatile constituents in the fuel used very much the same as is done by the oil companies producing a summer fuel and winter fuel.

The material may be added to any of the known fuels, such as gasolene, or the vari- As examples of the fuels to which the mixture may be added, the following are given by way of illustration: A mixture of 30 parts of kerosene and 70 parts of gasolene; a mixture of 20 parts of benzol, 4O partsof gasolene, and

40 parts of kerosene; a mixture of 20 parts of gasolene, 30 parts ofbenzol, and 50 parts of kerosene; and a mixture of 25 parts of benzol, 35 parts of-gasolene and 40 parts of kerosene. Similarly, the various mixed fuels consisting of alcohol, kerosene and gasolene wherein alcohol is used in place of the benzol in the above proportions may be treated in the manner tobe described;

. The aniline and nitro toluol are preferably added to the fuel in the proportion of 7 c. of aniline and 2 c. o. of nitrotoluol to a gallon of fuel. These proportions may be Varied within certain limits, the aniline being capable of bein employed in substantially the proportions that it is now employed in various mixed motor fuels. The nitro-toluol, however, is best employed in a proportion of less than 5 c. c. to a gallon of fuel and I find that where more than 7 c. c. are employed, the initial combustion of the fuel'is accelerated to such an extent that the efiiciency of the fuel is reduced.

The aniline. and nitro-toluol may be added to the fuel in any desired manner.

In aspecific embodiment of the invention, a solution of naphthalene in benzol is first formed by dissolving the naphthalene in ,benzol until a saturated solution is formed.

ylethyl ketone, acetone oils or anthracene oil.

A preferred embodiment of my fuel is formed of a mixture of 25 parts benzol, parts gasolene and 40 parts kerosenfe, add 18 c. c. of a mixture made up in the ollowing manner: 4 c. c, of a saturated solution of naphtha-lene in benzol, 2 0. c. of alcohol and 2% c. c. of acetone, these added together and to this add 7 c. c. of aniline and 2 c. c. of the nitro compound such as mono or dinitro-toluol, the whole added to 1 gallon of the above mixture of fuels. 7

As stated, this mixture may be added to i any of the known motor fuels, such as gasolene or mixtures of gasolene, kerosene and benzol or alcohol in the various proportions in which these mixed fuels are known and used. Similarly, otheragents of-like'properties maybe employed in place of aniline and nitro-toluol and as a gener l proposition, any amino-nitro mixture or compound mav be employed and the desired results obtained, the amino compound serving as a combustion retarder to minimize or eliminate engme knocking and the mtro com-' .pound serving as a sensitizer or combustion propagator to produce a live and efficient fuel.

The term antiknock is used in the specification' to define a fuel in Whichthe coniponent parts explode substantially at the same time or in an uninterrupted line, in

contradistinction to a fuel in which the explosions are not continuous but occur at separate periods. By the term knoc eliminating is meantan agent whichwih prevent the interrupted explosion of the fuel. By the term explosion propagating I mean an elementor elements which when combined with a fuel will increase the explosive qualities thereof insuch a manner as to br ng about the continuous or uninterrupted explosion of the fuel.

, While I have described in detail the preferr ed practice of my process, it is to be understood that the details of procedure, and proportion of ingredients may be widely varied, and that known chemical equivalents may be employed in place of the materials mentioned, without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the subjoined claims.

Having thus described'my invention, I claim I 1. The herein described improved motor fuel comprising hydrocarbon motor fuel material, aniline and nitrotoluol.

2. The herein described improved motorfuel comprising hydrocarbon motor-fuel material, aniline and nitrotoluol, the nitro- 'toluol being present in the proportion of less than'7 cubic centimeters to one gallon of the fuel. g p

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

HARRY P. BASSETT. 

